A wet cooling tower refers to a cooling tower sprayed outside and relies on water evaporation for cooling. The heat is taken away by the cooling liquid and dissipated into the air through conduction and evaporation, called wet cooling. Wet cooling towers include round cooling towers, square cross-flow cooling towers and square counter-flow cooling towers. Compared with dry cooling towers, wet cooling towers are smaller, have higher heat dissipation efficiency, and can effectively control water pollution. Wet cooling towers are widely used in various sectors of the national economy, especially in cooling water circulation systems.
In a wet cooling tower, there is a temperature difference between the hot water entering from the top and the air in the tower. There is a velocity gradient on the surface of the two phases when the water and gas phases are in motion. The water body mainly dissipates heat through contact with air and heat transfer.
Ⅰ. Contact heat dissipation of the wet cooling tower
The contact heat dissipation of the wet cooling tower is carried out through the interface of air and water. Contact heat transfer mainly includes conduction and convection. Heat conduction is also called heat conduction, which refers to the transfer of molecular kinetic energy caused by collision or diffusion between molecules. This transfer of molecular kinetic energy is manifested as the transfer of heat in a macroscopic view. Convective heat transfer refers to the heat transfer method in which the fluid itself brings heat from one place to another due to the flow. The difference between convective heat transfer and heat conduction is that the former transfers heat through fluid flow and mixing, while the latter does not have such mixing. Therefore, the heat conduction phenomenon in the fluid can only occur in the laminar layer.
Ⅱ. Evaporative heat dissipation of the wet cooling tower
Water evaporation is when water molecules overflow the water surface at room temperature and become free vapour molecules. The thermal motion of molecules causes the evaporation of water in a wet cooling tower. The Brownian motion speeds of water molecules at different locations are very different. The molecules on the water surface collide with each other. A part of the water molecules obtains kinetic energy sufficient to overcome the cohesive force of the water body and overflow the water surface. The molecules overflowing the water surface take away the kinetic energy from the water body that exceeds the average value of the water body molecules so that the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules in the water body is reduced, which is manifested as a decrease in water temperature.
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